Jan 30, · During Chinese New Year, people have a long list of things to blogger.com one week preceding the festival to the 15th day after, many Chinese New Year customs are widely observed for thousands of years. The family reunion dinner, eating dumplings, and setting off firework are the must-dos that you might know Jan 30, · During Chinese New Year, people have a long list of things to blogger.com one week preceding the festival to the 15th day after, many Chinese New Year customs are widely observed for thousands of years. The family reunion dinner, eating dumplings, and setting off firework are the must-dos that you might know Unoccupied land frequently is taken over by squatters. There is a vigorous land market, as rural households buy and sell land. Sellers of land generally need cash to finance either a life crisis event (healing or burial ritual) or a migratory venture
Culture of Haiti - history, people, clothing, traditions, women, beliefs, food, customs, family
Haiti, a name that means "mountainous country," is derived from the language of the Taino Indians who inhabited the island before European colonization. After independence inthe name was adopted by the military generals, many of them former slaves, who expelled the French and took possession of the colony then known as Saint Domingue.
Inbuy presintation, 95 percent of buy presintation population was of African descent, and the remaining 5 percent mulatto buy presintation white. Some wealthy citizens think of themselves as French, but most residents identify themselves as Haitian and there is a strong sense of nationalism, buy presintation.
Location and Geography. Haiti covers 10, square miles 27, square kilometers. It is located in the subtropics on the western third of Hispaniola, buy presintation, the second largest island in the Caribbean, which it shares with the Spanish-speaking Dominican Republic. The neighboring islands include Cuba, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico.
Three-quarters of the terrain is mountainous; the highest peak is the Morne de Selle. The climate is mild, varying with altitude. The mountains are calcareous rather than volcanic and give way to widely varying microclimatic and soil conditions.
A tectonic fault line runs through the country, causing occasional and sometimes devastating earthquakes. The island is also located within the Caribbean hurricane belt. The population has grown steadily fromat independence in to the estimate of 6.
Haiti is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. Until the s, buy presintation, over 80 percent of the population resided in rural areas, and today, over 60 percent continue to live in provincial villages, hamlets, and homesteads scattered across the rural landscape. The capital city is Port-au-Prince, which buy presintation five times larger than the next biggest city, Cape Haitian. Over one buy presintation native-born Haitians live overseas; an additional fifty thousand leave the country every year, predominantly for the United States but also to Canada and France.
Approximately 80 percent of permanent migrants come buy presintation the educated middle buy presintation upper classes, but very large numbers of lower-class Haitians temporarily migrate to the Dominican Republic and Nassau Bahamas to work at low-income jobs in the informal economy.
An unknown number of lower-income migrants remain abroad. Linguistic Affiliation. For most of the nation's history the official language has been French. However, buy presintation, buy presintation language spoken by the vast majority of the people is kreyol, whose pronunciation and vocabulary are derived largely from French but whose syntax is similar to that of other creoles.
With the adoption of a new constitution inkreyol was given official status as the primary official language. French was relegated to the status of a secondary official language but continues to prevail among the elite and in government, functioning as marker of social class and a barrier to the less educated and the poor.
An estimated 5—10 percent of the population speaks fluent French, but in recent decades massive emigration to the United States and the availability of cable television from the United States have helped English replace French as the second language in many sectors of the population.
Residents attach tremendous importance to the expulsion of the French inan event that made Haiti the first independently black-ruled nation in the world, and only the second country in the Buy presintation Hemisphere to achieve independence from imperial Europe.
The buy presintation noted national symbols are the flag, Henri Christophe's citadel and the statue of the "unknown maroon" Maroon inconnua bare-chested revolutionary Haiti trumpeting a conch shell in a call to arms. The presidential palace is also an important national symbol. Emergence of a Nation. Hispaniola was discovered by Christopher Columbus in and was the first island in the New World settled by the Spanish.
Bythe indigenous culture of the Taino Indians had vanished from the island, and Hispaniola became a neglected backwater of the Spanish Empire. In the mids, the western third of the island was populated by fortune seekers, castaways, and wayward colonists, buy presintation French, who became pirates and buccaneers, hunting wild cattle and pigs unleashed by the earliest European visitors and selling the smoked meat to passing ships.
In the mids, the French used the buccaneers as mercenaries freebooters in an unofficial war against the Spanish. In the Treaty of Ryswick ofbuy presintation, France forced Spain to cede the western third of Hispaniola.
This area buy presintation the French colony of Saint Domingue. Bythe colony had become the "jewel of the Antilles," the richest colony in the world. Buy presintationrevolution in France sparked dissension in the colony, which had a population of half a million slaves half of all the slaves in the Caribbean ; twenty-eight thousand mulattoes and free blacks, many of whom were wealthy landowners; and thirty-six thousand white buy presintation, artisans, slave drivers, and small landholders.
Inthirty-five thousand slaves rose in an insurrection, razed a thousand plantations, and took to the hills. Thirteen years of war and pestilence followed. Spanish, English, and French troops were soon battling one another for control of the colony. The imperial powers militarized the slaves, training them in the arts of "modern" warfare. Grands blancs rich white colonistspetits blancs small farmers and working-class whitesmulatres mulattoesand noirs free blacks fought, plotted, and intrigued.
Each local interest group exploited its position at every opportunity to achieve its political and economic objectives. From the mayhem emerged some of the greatest black military men in history, including Toussaint Louverture. Inthe last European troops were soundly defeated and driven from the island by a coalition of former slaves and mulattoes. In January the rebel generals declared independence, inaugurating Haiti as the first sovereign "black" country in the modern world and the second colony in the Western Hemisphere to gain independence from buy presintation Europe.
Since gaining independence, Haiti has had fleeting moments of glory. An early eighteenth century kingdom ruled by Henri Christophe prospered and thrived in the north, and from to Haiti ruled the entire island. The late nineteenth century buy presintation a period of intense internecine warfare in which ragtag armies backed by urban politicians and conspiring Western businessmen repeatedly sacked Port-au-Prince.
Bythe year in which U. marines began a nineteen year occupation of the country, Haiti was among the poorest nations in the Western Hemisphere. National Identity. During the century of relative isolation that followed independence, the peasantry developed distinct traditions in cuisine, music, dance, dress, ritual, and religion. Some elements buy presintation African cultures survive, such as specific prayers, a few words, and dozens of buy presintation entities, but Haitian culture is distinct from African and other New World cultures.
Ethnic Buy presintation. The only ethnic subdivision is that of the syriansthe early twentieth-century Levantine emigrants who have been absorbed into the commercial elite but often self-identify by their ancestral origins. Haitians refer to all outsiders, even dark-skinned outsiders of African ancestry, as blan "white", buy presintation.
Buy presintation the neighboring Dominican Republic, despite the presence of over a million Haitian farm workers, servants, and urban laborers, there exists intense prejudice against Haitians.
Inthe Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo ordered the massacre of an estimated fifteen to thirty-five thousand Haitians living in the Dominican Republic. The most famous architectural accomplishments are King Henri Christophe's postindependence San Souci palace, which was almost entirely destroyed by an earthquake in the early s, and his mountaintop fortress, buy presintation, the Citadelle Laferrière, which survives largely intact.
The contemporary rural landscape is dominated by houses that vary in style from one region to another. Most are single-story, two-room shacks, usually with a front porch. In the dry, treeless areas, houses are constructed of rock or wattle and daub with mud or lime exteriors. In other regions, walls are made from the easily hewn native palm; in still other areas, particularly in the south, houses are made of Hispaniola pine and local hardwoods. When the owner can afford it, buy presintation outside of a house is painted in an array of pastel colors, buy presintation, mystic symbols are often painted on the walls, and the awnings are fringed with colorful hand-carved trimming.
In cities, buy presintation, early twentieth century bourgeoisie, foreign entrepreneurs, and the Catholic clergy blended French and southern United States Victorian architectural styles and took the rural gingerbread house to its artistic height, building fantastic multicolored brick and timber mansions with tall double doors, steep roofs, turrets, cornices, extensive balconies, and intricately carved buy presintation. These exquisite structures are fast disappearing as a result of neglect and fires.
Today one increasingly finds modern block and cement houses in both provincial villages and urban areas. Craftsmen have given these new houses traditional gingerbread qualities by using embedded pebbles, cut stones, preformed cement buy presintation, rows of shaped balusters, concrete turrets, buy presintation, elaborately contoured cement roofing, large balconies, and artistically welded wrought-iron trimming and window bars reminiscent of the carved fringe that adorned classic gingerbread houses.
Haitians in Gonaïves celebrate the deposition of President Jean-Claude Duvalier in February, Food in Daily Life. Nutritional deficits are caused not by inadequate knowledge but by poverty. Most residents have a sophisticated understanding of dietary needs, and there is a widely known system of indigenous food categories that closely approximates buy presintation, scientifically informed nutritional categorization.
Rural Haitians are not subsistence farmers. Peasant women typically sell much of the family harvest in regional open-air market places and use the money to buy household foods. Rice and beans are considered the national dish and are buy presintation most commonly eaten meal in urban areas. Traditional rural staples are sweet potatoes, manioc, yams, corn, rice, pigeon peas, cowpeas, bread, and coffee, buy presintation.
More recently, a wheat-soy blend from the United States has been incorporated into the diet. Important treats include sugarcane, mangoes, sweetbread, peanut and sesame seed clusters made from melted brown sugar, and candies made from bittermanioc flour. People make a crude but highly nutritious sugar paste called rapadou. Haitians generally eat two meals a day: a small breakfast of coffee and bread, juice, or an egg and a large afternoon meal dominated by a carbohydrate source such as manioc, sweet potatoes, or rice.
The afternoon meal always includes beans or a bean sauce, and there is usually a small amount of poultry, fish, goat, or, less commonly, beef or mutton, typically prepared as a sauce with a tomato paste base. Fruits are prized as between-meal snacks, buy presintation.
Non-elite people do not necessarily have community or family meals, and individuals eat wherever they are comfortable. A snack customarily is eaten at night before one goes to sleep. Food Customs at Ceremonial Occasions, buy presintation. Festive occasions such as baptismal parties, first communions, buy presintation, and marriages include the mandatory Haitian colas, cake, a spiced concoction of domestic rum klerenand a thick spiked drink made with condensed milk called kremass.
The middle class and the elite mark the same festivities with Western sodas, Haitian rum Babouncourtbuy presintation, the national beer Prestigeand imported beers. Pumpkin soup bouyon is eaten on New Year's day.
Basic Economy. Haiti is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere and one of the poorest in the world, buy presintation.
It is a nation of small farmers, commonly referred to as peasants, who work small private landholdings and depend primarily on their own buy presintation and that of family members. There are no contemporary plantations and few concentrations of land. Although only 30 percent of the land is considered suitable for agriculture, more than 40 percent is worked.
Erosion is severe, buy presintation. Real income for the average family has not increased in over twenty years and has declined precipitously in rural areas. Since the s, the country has become heavily dependent on food imports—primarily rice, flour, and beans—from abroad, particularly from the United States. Other major imports from the United States are used material goods such as clothes, bicycles, and motor vehicles.
ROBLOX THE PRESENTATION EXPERIENCE
, time: 8:0621 Chinese New Year's Customs and Traditions You Should Know
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