In , a local historian in Fairfax County, Virginia, discovered a freed slave register that proved that West Ford had been the slave of Hannah Washington, George Washington’s sister-in-law.1 The value of true friend essay prevention pollution essay 10 tips for writing an essay: michigan ross mba essay questions expository purpose of the essay wsu application essays admissions scandal accomplishments essay washington George college essay? 6 Key Players At The Constitutional Convention - 55 delegates had come together to make small changes to their current government and ended up creating a new one. As George Washington sat above this group, observing the chaos, there were five other players that had key roles in the creation of the Constitution. Each of these men brought specific ideas about the role of government in the new
Presidency of George Washington - Wikipedia
The presidency of George Washington began on April 30,when Washington was inaugurated as the first president of the United Statesand ended on March 4, Washington took office after the —89 presidential electionthe nation's first quadrennial presidential election, essays on george washington, in which he was elected unanimously.
Washington was re-elected unanimously in the presidential electionand chose to retire after two terms. He was succeeded by his vice president, John Adams of the Federalist Party. Washington, who had established his preeminence among the new nation's Founding Fathers through his service as Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary Warserved as president of the constitutional conventionand was widely expected to become the first president of the United States under the new Constitutionthough it was his desire to retire from public life.
In his first inaugural addressWashington expressed both his reluctance to accept the presidency and his inexperience with the duties of civil administration, but he proved an able leader. He presided over the establishment of the new federal governmentappointing all of the high-ranking officials in the executive and judicial branches, shaping numerous political practices, essays on george washington, and establishing the site of the permanent capital of the United States.
He supported Alexander Hamilton 's economic policies whereby the federal government assumed the debts of the state governments and established the First Bank of the United Statesthe United States Mintessays on george washington, and the United States Customs Service. Congress passed the Tariff ofthe Tariff ofand an excise tax on whiskey to fund the government and, in the case of the tariffs, address the trade imbalance with Britain. Washington personally led federalized soldiers in suppressing the Whiskey Rebellionwhich arose in opposition to the administration's taxation policies.
He directed the Northwest Indian Warwhich saw the United States establish control over Native American tribes in the Northwest Territory. In foreign affairs, he assured domestic tranquility and maintained peace with the European powers despite the raging French Revolutionary Wars by issuing the Proclamation of Neutrality. He also secured two important bilateral treaties, the Jay Treaty with Great Britain and the Treaty of San Lorenzo with Spain, both of which fostered trade and helped secure control of the American frontier.
To protect American shipping from Barbary pirates and other threats, he re-established the United States Navy with the Naval Act of Greatly concerned about the growing partisanship within the government and the detrimental impact political parties could have on the fragile unity of the nation, Washington struggled throughout his eight-year presidency to hold rival factions together.
He was, and remains, essays on george washington, the only U. president never to be formally affiliated with a political party. Those that supported Hamilton formed the Federalist Party, while his opponents coalesced around Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson and formed the Democratic-Republican Party. While criticized for furthering the partisanship he sought to avoid by identifying himself with Hamilton, Washington is nonetheless considered by scholars and political historians as one of the greatest presidents in American history essays on george washington, usually ranking in the top three with Abraham Lincoln and Franklin D.
Following the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention ofa fatigued Washington returned to his estate in Virginia, Mount Vernon. He seemed intent on resuming his retirement and letting others essays on george washington the nation with its new frame of government, essays on george washington.
presidential campaign was in essence what today would be called a grassroots effort to convince Washington to accept the office. Gouverneur Morris urged Washington to accept, writing "[Among the] thirteen horses now about to be coupled together, there are some of every race and character.
They will listen to your voice and submit to your control. You therefore must, I say must mount this seat. I should unfeignedly rejoice, in case the Electors, by giving their votes to another person would save me from the dreaded dilemma of being forced to accept or refuse If that may not be—I am, in the next place, earnestly desirous of searching out the truth, and knowing whether essays on george washington does not exist a probability that the government would be just as happily and effectually carried into execution without my aid, essays on george washington.
Less certain was the choice essays on george washington the vice presidencywhich contained little definitive job description in the constitution, essays on george washington. The only official role of the vice president was as the president of the United States Senatea duty unrelated to the executive branch.
The Constitution stipulated that the position would be awarded to the runner-up in the presidential election, or the person with the second highest number of electoral votes, essays on george washington. Each state's presidential electors gathered in their state's capital on February 4,to cast their votes for the president. As the election occurred before ratification of the Twelfth Amendmenteach elector cast two votes for the presidency, though the electors were not allowed to cast both votes for the same person.
Under the terms of the constitution, essays on george washington, the individual who won the most electoral votes would become president while the individual with the second-most electoral votes would become vice president. Each state's votes were sealed and delivered to Congress to be counted. Before the votes were counted, Washington had declared his willingness to serve, and was preparing to leave Mount Vernon for New York Citythe nation's capital, essays on george washington.
They also certified that Adams, with 34 electoral votes, had been elected as vice president. Harrison 6John Rutledge 6John Hancock 4George Clinton 3 essays on george washington, Samuel Huntington 2John Milton 2James Armstrong 1Benjamin Lincoln 1and Edward Telfair 1. The Congress of the Essays on george washington had set March 4, as the date for the beginning of operations of the federal government under the new U.
Owing to the formidable difficulties of long-distance travel in 18th century America, Congress was unable to reach a quorum until April. Adams arrived in New York on April 20, [23] and was inaugurated as vice president on the next day. As judges of the federal courts had not yet been appointed, the presidential oath of office was administered by Chancellor Robert Livingstonthe highest judicial officer in the state of New York.
John's Lodge No. Alden indicates that Washington added the words "so help me God" to the oath prescribed by the constitution. In his inaugural address Full textWashington again touched upon his reluctance to accept the presidency. As the presidential election of approached, Washington, pleased with the progress his administration had made in establishing a strong, stable federal essays on george washington, [31] hoped to retire rather than seek a second term.
The elections were the first ones in U. history to be contested on anything resembling a partisan basis. In most essays on george washington, the congressional elections were recognized in some sense as a "struggle between the Treasury department and the republican interest", as Jefferson strategist John Beckley wrote. The speculation here also tended to be organized along partisan lines — Hamiltonians supported Adams and Jeffersonians favored New York governor George Clinton.
The recipient of the most votes would then become president, and the runner-up vice president. Washington was unanimously re-elected president, receiving electoral votes one from each electorand Adams was re-elected vice president, receiving 77 votes. The other 55 electoral votes were divided among: George Clinton 50Thomas Jefferson 4and Aaron Burr 1. Washington's second inauguration essays on george washington place in the Senate Chamber of Congress Hall in PhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaon March 4, The presidential oath of office was administered by Supreme Court associate justice William Cushing.
Washington's inaugural address was just words, the shortest ever. Although his second term began simultaneously with Washington's, John Adams was sworn into office for that term on December 2,when the Senate reconvened, in the Senate Chamber of Congress Hall.
The vice-presidential oath was administered by the president pro tempore of the Senate John Langdon. The new Constitution empowered the president to appoint executive department heads with the consent of the Senate.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs was re-established on July 27,and would be renamed to the Department of State in September.
The Department of War was retained on August 7, while the Finance office was renamed as the Department of the Treasury on September 2. Edmund Randolph became the first Attorney General, while Henry Knox retained his position as head of the Department of War. Washington initially offered the position of Secretary of State to John Jay, who had served essays on george washington the Secretary of Foreign Affairs since and acted as the interim Secretary of State.
After Jay expressed his preference for a judicial appointment, Washington selected Thomas Jefferson as the first permanent Secretary of State. Morris had recommended Hamilton instead, writing "But, my dear general, you will be no loser by my declining the secretaryship of the Treasury, for I can recommend a far cleverer fellow than I am for your minister of finance in the person of your aide-de-camp, Colonel Hamilton. Washington considered himself to be an expert in both foreign affairs and the Department of War, and as such, according to Forrest McDonald"he was in practice his own Foreign Secretary and War Secretary.
Timothy Pickering succeeded Knox as Secretary of War, while Oliver Wolcott became Secretary of the Treasury and Charles Lee took the position of Attorney General.
Hamilton and Jefferson had the greatest impact on cabinet deliberations during Washington's first term. Their deep philosophical differences set them against each other from the outset, and they frequently sparred over economic and foreign policy issues, essays on george washington.
During his two vice-presidential terms, Adams attended few cabinet meetings, and the President sought his counsel only infrequently. Nonetheless, the two men, according to Adams biographer, John E.
Ferling, "jointly executed many more of the executive branch's ceremonial undertakings than would be likely for a contemporary president and vice-president. He often participated in debates in the Senate. On at least one occasion, Adams persuaded senators to vote against legislation he opposed, and he frequently lectured the body on procedural and policy matters.
He supported Washington's policies by casting 29 tie-breaking votes. His first incursion into the legislative realm occurred shortly after he assumed office, during the Senate debates over titles for the president and executive officers of the new government, essays on george washington.
Although the House of Representatives agreed in short order that the president should be addressed simply as George Washington, President of the United States, the Senate debated the issue at some length. All but three senators eventually agreed upon His Highness the President of the United States and Protector of the Rights of the Same. President " would be used. While Adams brought energy and dedication to the presiding officer 's chair, he found the task "not essays on george washington adapted to my character.
or his imagination contrived or his imagination conceived; and as I can do neither good nor evil, I must be borne away by others and meet the common fate.
The Constitution granted the president the power to veto legislation, essays on george washington, but Washington was reluctant to encroach on legislative affairs, and he only exercised his veto power twice.
The bill would have redistributed House seats among the states in a way that Washington considered unconstitutional. Article Three of the Constitution established the judicial branch of the federal government, but left several issues to the discretion of Congress or the president. Unresolved issues included the size of the Supreme Courtthe identity of the first Supreme Court Justices, the number and establishment of federal courts below the Supreme Court, and the relationship between state and federal courts.
In SeptemberCongress passed the Judiciary Act ofprimarily written by Connecticut Senator Oliver Ellsworth. The act also created thirteen judicial districts, along with district courts essays on george washington circuit courts for each district. As the first president, Washington was responsible for appointing the entire Supreme Court.
As such, he filled more vacancies on the Court than any other president in American history. On September 24,Washington nominated John Jay as the first Chief Justice and nominated John Rutledgeessays on george washington, William CushingJames WilsonJohn Blairand Robert Harrison as Associate Justices.
All were quickly confirmed by the Senate, but after Harrison declined the appointment, Washington appointed James Iredell in With no cases on the docket and little pressing business a few procedural matters decided and 26 attorneys and counselors admitted to the federal barthe term lasted for only eight days. As Associate Justices left the court in subsequent years, Washington appointed Thomas JohnsonWilliam Patersonand Samuel Chase.
Rutledge served for six months but resigned after his nomination was rejected by the Senate in December ; Rutledge had alienated several Senators with his criticism of the Jay Treaty. The Judiciary Act also created 13 judicial districts within the 11 states that had then ratified the Constitution, with Massachusetts and Virginia each being divided into two districts. Both North Carolina and Rhode Island were added as judicial districts in after they ratified the Constitution, as were the subsequent states that Congress admitted to the Union.
The act also established circuit courts and district courts within these districts. The circuit courts, which were composed of a district judge and initially two Supreme Court justices "riding circuit", had jurisdiction over more serious crimes and civil cases and appellate essays on george washington over the district courts, while the single-judge district courts had jurisdiction primarily over admiralty cases, along with petty crimes and lawsuits involving smaller claims.
The circuit courts were grouped into three geographic circuits to which justices were assigned on a rotating basis. The subject of a permanent capital city had been discussed several times, but the Continental Congress could never agree on a site due to regional loyalties and tensions, essays on george washington.
16. The Importance of George Washington
, time: 44:406 Key Players At The Constitutional Convention · George Washington's Mount Vernon
On January 25, , the Pennsylvania Evening Post posted an advertisement: “Captain Alexander Hamilton, of the New-York company of artillery, by applying to the printer of this paper, may hear of something to his advantage.” 1 This referenced General George Washington’s decision to invite Hamilton to his military staff, which Hamilton The value of true friend essay prevention pollution essay 10 tips for writing an essay: michigan ross mba essay questions expository purpose of the essay wsu application essays admissions scandal accomplishments essay washington George college essay? The presidency of George Washington began on April 30, , when Washington was inaugurated as the first president of the United States, and ended on March 4, Washington took office after the –89 presidential election, the nation's first quadrennial presidential election, in which he was elected blogger.comgton was re-elected unanimously in the presidential election
No comments:
Post a Comment